Dictionary of Early American Philosophers

The Dictionary of Early American Philosophers

The Dictionary of Early American Philosophers (DEAP) will be published by Continuum in 2011.
DEAP joins a growing series of impressive biographical dictionaries, including the Dictionary of Modern American Philosophers.

Early American Philosophers were contributors to philosophical thought who lived in the territories of present-day U.S. and Canada from 1600 to 1860. DEAP will include approximately 400 figures, including hundreds of professional educators responsible for teaching philosophy, along with many theologians, social scientists and reformers, political theorists, lawyers, physicians, and scientists.

Interested in the history of American philosophy? Consult American Professors of Philosophy and Theology and A Timeline of American Thought.

Individuals included in DEAP

Last Name	First Name	Dates	Career	Author	Reference Works
Adams	Hannah	1755-1832	Historian and theologian, authored early books on comparative religion.	Angela Goodson	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Adams	John	1735-1826	2nd US President	Brian Butler	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Encyc Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Adams	Jasper	1793-1841	President (1824-26, 1828-36) and Horry Prof. Moral and Political Philosophy (1828-36) at College of Charleston, S.C., then President of Geneva College (1826-28), Chaplain and Prof. Ethics, Geography, and History at West Point (1838-40).	Christine Spencer	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, Smith, WWWHV
Agassiz	Jean Louis Rodolphe	1807-1873	Prof. Zoology and Natural History at Harvard (1847-73).	Nathan Houser	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Comp Amer Thought, Encyc Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Alcott	Amos Bronson	1799-1888	Schoolmaster in Boston and Concord, Massachusetts (1820s-1860s), Independent scholar in Concord (1860s-1888).	Scott Bartlett	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Comp Amer Thought, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Alden	Joseph	1807-1885	Prof. Latin, then Rhetoric and Political Economy at Williams College (1835-52), Prof. Mental and Moral Philosophy at Lafayette College in Pennsylvania (1852-57), President of Jefferson College in Pennsylvania (1857-62)	Charles Comer	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Alexander	Archibald	1772-1851	Prof. Theology at Princeton Theological Seminary (1812-50).	Timothy McConnell	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio
Alison	Francis	1705-1779	Founded Academy of Philadelphia in 1743 and taught most classes incl. philosophy until 1752, Prof. Greek and Latin at Academy of Philadelphia (1752-55), Vice Provost and Prof. Higher Classics and Metaphysics at College of Philadelphia (1755-1779)	John Fea	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Allen	Ethan	1738-1789	Vermont Revolutionary and freethinker.	John Shook	Amer Nat Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Allen	William	1784-1868	President of Bowdoin College in Maine (1820-1839).	John Shook
Andrew	Samuel	1656-1738	President of Yale (1707-1719)	John Shook
Andrews	Lorin	1819-1861	President and Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy and Political Economy at Kenyon College in Ohio (1853-61).	John Shook	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Andrews	Israel Ward	1815-1888	Prof. Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Marietta College in Ohio (1839-55), Prof. Moral, Intellectual, and Political Philosophy at Marietta (1855-85).	John Shook	Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Andrews	Robert	c1747-1804	Professor of Moral Philosophy (1777-1779), Professor of Moral Philosophy, the Law of Nature and of Nations, and the Fine Arts (1779-1784), Professor of Mathematics (1784-1804).	John Shook
Andrews	Stephen Pearl	1812-1884	Abolitionist and freethinker in New York.	John Shook	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Andrews	John	1746-1813	Anglican Minister, Vice Provost and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Univ. Pennsylvania (1789-1810), Provost and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Univ. Pennsylvania (1810-13).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Anthony	Susan Brownell	1820-1906	Leader of Women's Rights Movement in New York.	Barbara Ryan	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Comp Amer Thought, Dict Amer Bio, Encyc Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, Who Was Who in Amer
Appleton	Jesse	1772-1819	President and Professor of Philosophy at Bowdoin College in Maine (1807-19)	John Shook
Atwater	Jeremiah	1774-1858	President of Middlebury College in Vermont (1800-1809), President of Dickinson College in Penn. (1809-1815).	John Shook
Atwater	Lyman Hotchkiss	1813-1883	Professor of Mental and Moral Philosophy at Princeton (1854-1861). Professor of Revealed Religion and Metaphysics (1861-1867). Professor of Logic, Metaphysics, Ethics, Economics, and Politics (1869-1883).	John Shook
Bachman	John	1790-1874	Lutheran Minister in South Carolina and prominent naturalist. Pro-slavery yet defended full humanity of Africans.	B. Ricardo Brown	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Backus	Isaac	1724-1806	Baptist Minister in Massachusetts, defender of religious and political liberties.	Stephen Wilson	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Bacon	Joel Smith	1802-1869	Prof. Mental and Moral Philosophy at Hamilton College in New York (1833-37), President and Prof. Mental and Moral Philosophy at Columbian College (now George Washington University) (1843-54).	Russ Pryba	Nat Cycl Amer Bio
Ballou	Hosea	1771-1852	Prominent Unitarian and Universalist in Massachusetts.	Scott Bryant	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Bancroft	George	1800-1891	Historian and diplomat, wrote first American study of German literature and philosophy in 1827-28.	Benjamin Park	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Barlow	Joel	1754-1812	Diplomat, Member of the Hartford Wits, wrote on religion, government.	Charles Comer	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Bartlett	Elisha	1804-1855	Physician in Massachusetts, Kentucky, New York City.	Eric v.d. Luft	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Bartol	Cyrus Augustus	1813-1900	Unitarian Minister in Boston (1837-89)	Adam Glover	Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Bascom	Henry Bidleman	1796-1850	President of Transylvania College in Kentucky (1842-49).	John Shook	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Batchelder	John Putnam	1784-1868	Physician in New England	Eric v.d. Luft	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Bates	Joshua	1776-1854	President of Middlebury College in Vermont (1818-1839)	John Shook
Baxter	George Addison	1771-1841	President and Prof. Moral Philosophy and Mathematics at Washington College in Virginia (1799-1829).	John Shook	Nat Cycl Amer Bio
Beach	Wooster	1794-1868	Physician in New York, founder of eclectic medicine, wrote The American Practice of Medicine (1833).	Eric v.d. Luft
Beasley	Frederick	1777-1845	Episcopal Minister, Provost and Prof. Mental and Moral Philosophy at Univ. Pennsylvania (1813-28).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Beaven	James	1801-1875	Prof. Divinity and Philosophy at King’s College in Toronto (1843-1851), Prof. Philosophy at Toronto (1851-71).	John Shook	Canad Encyc, Dict Canad Bio
Beck	Theodric Romeyn	1791-1855	Prof. Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence at the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Fairfield NY (1815-40), Albany Medical College in NY (1840-54).	Eli A. Braun	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Beecher	Lyman	1775-1863	Presbyterian Minister, Prof. Theology at Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati (1832-50).	Kyle Potter	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Beecher	Edward	1803-1895	Congregational Minister, President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Illinois College (1830-44)	David Pfeifer	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, Smith, WWWHV
Beecher	Catharine Esther	1800-1878	Liberal Congregational Minister in New York City (1847-87).	Mary Ellen Waithe	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Bellamy	Joseph	1719-1790	Congregational Minister and Edwardsian theologian in Connecticut (1738-90)	Katherine Hermes	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Bishop	Robert Hamilton	1777-1855	Prof. Philosophy at Transylvania College in Kentucky (1804-24), President of Miami University in Ohio (1824-41) and also Prof. History and Philosophy of Social Relations at Miami (1833-44), Prof. Social Phil. at Farmer's College near Cincinnati (1845-55).	Amanda Lusky	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Smith, WWWHV
Blackwell	Antoinette Louisa Brown	1825-1921	Unitarian Minister and feminist in New York and New Jersey.	Cicily Corbett	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, Who Was Who in Amer
Blair	James	1655-1743	President of College of William and Mary (1693-1743).	John Shook
Blanchard	Jonathan	1811-1892	President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Knox College in Illinois (1846-58), President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Wheaton College in Illinois (1860-82).	David Pfeifer	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, Smith, WWWHV
Bland	Richard	1710-1776	Revolutionary in Virginia.	Karen Hoffman	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Bledsoe	Albert Taylor	1809-1877	Methodist Minister, Prof. Mathematics and Astronomy at Mississippi (1848-54), Prof. Mathematics at Virginia (1854-61).	John Shook	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Bouvart	Martin	1637-1705	Catholic Priest, Prof. Theology, Philosophy, and Rhetoric at the Collège des Jésuites in Quebec (1676-98), also Rector there (1698-1704).	David Davis and John Shook	Dict Canad Bio
Bowden	John	1751-1817	Episcopal Minister, Prof. Moral Philosophy, Logic, Rhetoric, and Belles-letters at Columbia College in NYC (1803-17).	Russ Pryba	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Bowen	Francis	1811-1890	Prof. Philosophy at Harvard (1835-39, 1853-89).	Cornelis de Waal	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, Smith, WWWHV
Boyd	James Robert	1804-1890	Prof. Moral Philosophy and Pastor at Hamilton College in New York (?-?). Wrote "Eclectic moral philosophy" (1846).	John Shook	Dictionary of American Authors, Fifth edition
Bradstreet	Anne	1612-1672	Poet, religious/philosophical thinker in Massachusetts.	Therese Dykeman	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Branagan	Thomas	1774-1843	Abolitionist in Philadelphia.	Alexandra Perry	Dict Lit Bio
Brantly	William Theophilus	1787-1845	President and Horry Prof. of Moral, Intellectual, and Political Philosophy at College of Charleston, S.C. (1838-44).	Christine Spencer	Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans
Brattle	William	1662-1717	Tutor at Harvard (1680-96), Fellow of Harvard (1696-1700).	Harry Maddux	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Brigham	Amariah	1798-1849	Physician and early psychiatrist.	J. Elias Saidennunez	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Brown	John	1763-1842	Prof. Logic and Moral Philosophy at Univ. South Carolina (1809-11), President and Prof. Philosophy at Univ. Georgia (1811-16).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Balz, Nat Cycl Amer Bio
Brownell	Thomas Church	1779-1865	President of Trinity College in Conn. (1824-31).	John Shook
Brownson	Orestes Augustus	1803-1876	Independent theologian, philosopher, and author.	Gregory Butler	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Bryant	William Cullen	1794-1878	Poet, social critic, abolitionist.	Asher Walden	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Buchanan	Joseph	1785-1829	Educator, journalist in Kentucky.	David Schmidt	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Buchanan	Joseph Rodes	1814-1899	American scientist, Faculty Dean and Professor in the Eclectic Medical Institute, in Covington, Kentucky.	Judith A. Wiener	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Burton	Asa	1752-1836	Congregational Minister and theologian in Vermont.	Roger Ward	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Bushnell	Horace	1802-1876	Congregational Minister in Connecticut (1833-76).	Roger Ward	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Caldwell	Joseph	1773-1835	President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Univ. North Carolina (1816-35).	John Shook	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Calhoun	John Caldwell	1782-1850	Vice President of US (1825-32), US Senator from South Carolina (1832-43, 1845-50).	Brian Butler	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Campbell	Alexander	1788-1866	President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Bethany College in (West) Virginia (1841-66).	Elmer Duncan	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Cannon	James Spencer	1776-1852	Prof. Pastoral Theology and Ecclesiastical History at Rutgers (1826-52), also responsible for Metaphysics.	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio
Cardell	William Samuel	1780-1828	Langauges teacher in New York. Wrote "Essay on language, as connected with the faculties of the mind, and as applied to things in nature and art" (1825).	Ryan Tweney	Allibone's Critical Dictionary of English Literature
Carey	Henry Charles	1793-1879	Economist and social scientist	Marc-William Palen	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Carey	Mathew	1760-1839	Economist.	Marc-William Palen	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Carnahan	James	1775-1859	President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Princeton (1823-1854).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Carter	Landon	1710-1778	Politician in Virginia, Revolutionary	Karen Hoffman	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Lit Bio
Cary	Mary Ann Camberton Shadd	1823-1893	African America/Canadian abolitionist; wrote for Frederick Douglass's New National Era and The Advocate.	Shamina Sneed	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Canad Bio
Champlin	James Tift	1811-1882	President of Colby College in Maine (1857-73).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio
Channing	William Henry	1810-1884	Unitarian Minister in Boston, Washington D.C.	Roger Ward	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Channing	William Ellery	1780-1842	Unitarian Minister in Boston (1805-42), abolitionist.	Kyle Welty	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Chapin	Stephen	1778-1845	President and Prof. Moral and Intellectual Philosophy at Columbian College (now George Washington University) (1828-41).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Balz, Nat Cycl Amer Bio
Chaplin	Jeremiah	1776-1841	President of Waterville College (now Colby) in Maine (1820-1833)	John Shook
Chase	Philander	1775-1852	President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Kenyon College in Ohio (1825-31).	John Shook	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Chase	Salmon Portland	1808-1873	Abolitionist lawyer and politician in Ohio, Justice of U.S. Supreme Court (1864-73).	Alexandra Perry	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Chauncy	Charles	1705-1787	Congregationalist Minister and theologian in Massachusetts.	Charles Lippy	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Chauncy	Charles	1592-1672	President of Harvard (1654-72).	Scott E. Bryant
Cheever	George Barrell	1807-1890	Congregational minister and abolitionist in Boston and New York.	Dorothy Rogers and Alexandra Perry	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Cheney	Ednah Dow Littlehale	1824-1904	Teacher, writer, and social activist in Massachusetts.	Therese Dykeman	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Child	Lydia Maria Francis	1802-1880	Abolitionist and writer in Massachusetts.	Terrance Macmullin	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Church	Alonzo	1793-1862	President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Univ. Georgia (1829-59).	John Shook	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, Smith, WWWHV
Clap	Thomas	1703-1767	Congregational Minister, President of Yale (1745-66).	Robert Brown	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Clarke	James Freeman	1810-1888	Lecturer in Theology, Ethics at Harvard Divinity School.	John Shook	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Colden	Cadwallader	1688-1776	Scientist, philosopher in New York.	Scott Pratt	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Conover	Samuel Forman	1762-1824	Physician in New Jersey.	Mary M. Manning
Cooper	Thomas	1759-1839	Scientist, President of Univ. South Carolina (1821-34), political economist.	Matthew Pethers	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Cooper	Myles	1737-1785	President of King's College (later Columbia) in New York City (1763-75), taught theology and philosophy.	Derek Hatch	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Crawford	John	1746-1813	Physician in Maryland.	Richard J. Behles	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Crawford	Charles	1752-1815	Abolitionist in Philadelphia.		Dict Lit Bio
Crocker	Hannah Mather	1752-1829	Feminist in Boston, wrote “Observations on the Real Rights of Women” (1818).	Eileen Botting	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, WWWHV
Cummings	Joseph	1817-1890	Methodist Minister, President of Wesleyan University in Connecticut (1857-75), taught philosophy. Professor of Mental Philosophy and Political Economy at Wesleyan (1875-77).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Dagg	John Leadley	1794-1884	President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Mercer University in Georgia (1845-56).	Jonathan Gainor	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, Smith, WWWHV
Daggett	Naphtali	1727-1780	Livingston Professor of Divinity (1754-1777). President of Yale (1766-1777).	John Shook
Dall	Caroline Wells Healey	1822-1912	Social scientist, feminist in Boston and Washington DC	Dorothy Rogers	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Dana	James	1735-1812	Congregational Minister in Connecticut.	Adam Glover	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Dana	Charles Anderson	1819-1897	Transcendentalist, poet, abolitionist, editor of New York Sun (1868-97).	David Puller	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Dana	Alexander Hamilton	1807-1887	Lawyer in New York. Wrote "Ethical and physiological inquiries" (1862)	Mary Hitchcock	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio
David	John Baptist Mary	1761-1841	Prof. Philosophy at Georgetown College (1804-06).	John Shook	Amer Nat Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Davies	Samuel	1723-1761	Presbyterian Minister and theologian in Virginia, President of Princeton (1759-61).	John Fea	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Davis	Andrew Jackson	1826-1910	Spiritualist in New York	David Schmidt	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio
Davis	Henry	1771-1852	President of Middlebury College in Vermont (1809-1817), President of Hamilton College in New York (1817-1833)	John Shook
Dawson	William	1704-1752	Prof. Moral Philosophy at College of William and Mary (1729-52), also President there (1743-52).	Karen Hoffman	Amer Nat Bio, Dic Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio
Day	Henry Noble	1808-1890	Prof. Theology at Western Reserve College in Ohio (1840-52), President of Ohio Female College (1858-64).	Evan Moreno-Davis	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Day	Jeremiah	1773-1867	President of Yale (1817-47).	Roger Ward	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
De Quen	Jean	1603-1659	Prof. at Collège des Jésuites in Quebec (1635-37?).	David Puller	Dict Canad Bio
Dean	Amos	1803-1868	Prof. Medical Jurisprudence at Albany (NY) Medical College (1838-58).	Eli A. Braun	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Deems	Charles Force	1820-1893	Prof. Rhetoric and Logic at Univ. North Carolina (1842-47), President of Greensboro Female College (1850-54).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Balz, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
DeLancey	William Heathcote	1797-1865	President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Univ. Pennsylvania (1828-34).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Delaney	Martin Robinson	1812-1885	Abolitionist and Black nationalist in Pennsylvania and South Carolina.	Jean Van Delinder	WWWHV
Demers	Jérôme	1774-1853	Prof. Philosophy at Grand Séminaire de Québec (1800-1842).	Jenifer Nipps	Dict Canad Bio
Denkbaar	Johannes	1795-1831	Psychologist and freethinker Mne	Cornelis de Waal
Dew	Thomas Roderick	1802-1846	Prof. Political Law at College of William and Mary (1827-36), President of College of William and Mary (1836-46).	Christopher Roberts	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Smith, WWWHV
Dewey	Orville	1794-1882	Unitarian Minister and theologian in Massachusetts and New York.	Andy Black	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Dickinson	John	1732-1808	Lawyer and politician in Pennsylvania, Revolutionary and member of Continental Congress.	Joseph Palencik	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Dickinson	Jonathan	1688-1747	Congregational Minister in New Jersey, First President of Princeton (1747).	John Fea	Amer Nat Bio, WWWHV.
Dickson	John Augustus	1795-1847	Prof. Moral Philosophy and Languages at College of Charleston, S.C. (1824-28).	Christine Spencer	Dictionary of North Carolina Biography
Dickson	Samuel Henry	1798-1872	Prof. Medicine at Medical College of South Carolina (1833-47, 1850-58), Prof. Medicine at Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia (1858-72).	Eric v.d. Luft	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Dod	Albert Baldwin	1805-1845	Prof. Mathematics at Princeton (1831-45).	Steven Takacs	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Dods	John Bovee	1795-1872	Investigator and lecturer on mesmerism.	David Schmidt	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Douglass	Frederick	1818-1895	Author, editor, and lecturer in Massachusetts and New York (1841-1895), U.S. Marshal for the District of Columbia (1877-81), U.S. Minister to Haiti (1889-91).	Donald Brown	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Draper	John William	1811-1882	Evolutionist, historian, Prof. Chemistry and Physiology at University of the City of New York (1838-1850), President of UCNY Medical School (1850-1881).	John Tilley	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Dunster	Henry	1609-1659	President of Harvard (1640-54).	John Shook
Duparc	Jean-Baptiste	1676-1742	Prof. Theology and Philosophy at Collège des Jésuites in Quebec (1707-15).	David Puller	Dict Canad Bio
Dwight	Timothy	1752-1817	President and Prof. Theology at Yale (1795-1817).	Kyle Welty	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Edger	Henry	1820-1888	Advocate of Comte's positivism.	John Tilley	Allibone's Critical Dictionary of English Literature: A Supplement
Edwards	Jonathan	1703-1758	Congregational Minister and theologian in Massachusetts.	Robert Brown	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Edwards	Jonathan, Jr.	1745-1801	Congregational Minister and theologian in Connecticut.	Angela Goodson	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Eliot	John	1604-1690	Congregational Minister and theologian in Massachusetts.	Katherine Hermes	Amer Nat Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Ellis	Charles Mayo	1818-1878	Boston lawyer and abolitionist.	Jon Rogers	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Biographical Dictionary of Transcendentalism
Ely	Ezra Stiles	1786-1861	Minister in New York, Philadelphia, and Missouri.	Andy Black	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio
Emerson	Mary Moody	1774-1863	Freethinker, Aunt of Ralph Waldo Emerson.	Lou Tenzis
Emerson	Ralph Waldo	1803-1882	Independent scholar in Concord, Massachusetts.	David Justin Hodge	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Emmons	Nathaniel	1745-1840	Congregationalist Minister and theologian.	Kyle Potter	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Epinette	Peter	1760-1832	Professor of Theology (1807-1813), Professor of Divinity and Philosophy (1817-1820) at Georgetown College. Prominent Catholic theologian.	John Shook
Esson	Henry	1793-1853	Prof. Philosophy at Knox College in Toronto (1844-53).	Charlie Hobbs	Dict Canad Bio
Evans	Warren Felt	1817-1889	New Thought philosopher.	David Schmidt	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Ewing	John	1732-1802	Provost (1779-1802), Prof. Moral Philosophy (1758-1762), and Prof. Natural Philosophy (1762-78) at Univ. Pennsylvania.	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Fairchild	James Harris	1817-1902	Professor of Theology and Moral Philosophy (1858-1866), President of Oberlin (1866-1889).	John Shook
Fergusson	Elizabeth Graeme	1737-1801	Philosophical poet; hosted a woman’s salon in her home in Philadelphia.	Dorothy Rogers	American Writers before 1800. A biographical and critical dictionary.
Ferland	Jean-Baptiste-Antoine	1805-1865	Prof. Literature, History, and Philosophy at Collège de Nicolet in Quebec (1841-50), Prof. at Université Laval (1854-64).		Dict Canad Bio
Ferris	Isaac	1798-1873	Prof. Moral Science and Christian Evidence at University of New York (1852-70).		Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Finley	William Peronneau	1803-1876	President and Horry Prof. Moral, Intellectual, and Political Philosophy at College of Charleston, S.C. (1845-57).	John Shook
Finney	Charles Grandison	1792-1875	Prof. Theology at Oberlin College in Ohio (1835-72), also President of Oberlin (1851-66).	Ann Duncan	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, Smith, WWWHV
Fisher	William Logan	1781-1862	Quaker Hicksite in Philadelphia, political radical and socialist.	Michael Ziser
Fisk	Wilbur	1792-1839	President of Wesleyan Univ. in Connecticut (1831-39).	John Shook
Fiske	Nathan Welby	1798-1847	Prof. Intellectual and Moral Philosophy at Amherst College (1836-47).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio
Fitch	Ebenezer	1756-1833	President of Williams College (1793-1815)	John Shook
Fitzhugh	George	1806-1881	Lawyer in Virginia; pro-slavery and states' rights advocate.	Brian Butler	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Flint	Austin	1812-1866	Physician in New York, wrote Treatise on the Principles and Practice of Medicine (1866).	Eric v.d. Luft
Flynt	Henry	1675-1760	Tutor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Harvard, also taught most other subjects (1699-1760).	Rick Kennedy	Amer Nat Bio
Foster	Abby Kelley	1811-1887	Abolitionist and feminist in Massachusetts.	Alexandra Perry	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio
Fowler	Orson Squire	1809-1887	Phrenologist.	Cornelis de Waal	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Francis	Convers	1795-1863	Unitarian Minister and transcendentalist in Massachusetts (1819-42); Professor of Pulpit Eloquence at Harvard (1842-63).	David Puller	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, WWWHV
Franklin	Benjamin	1706-1790	Publisher, scientist, and revolutionary.	Cornelis de Waal and Monica Morrison	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Frelinghuysen	Theodore	1787-1862	President and Professor of Moral Philosophy and International and Constitutional Law at Rutgers (1850-1862)	John Shook
French	John William	1809-1871	Professor of Ethics and Chaplain of U.S. Military Academy (1856-1871).	John Shook
Frisbie	Levi	1783-1822	Prof. Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil Polity at Harvard (1817-22).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Fuller	Margaret	1810-1850	Educator, feminist, and transcendentalist philosopher in Massachusetts and New York.	Russ Pryba	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio
Furman	James Clement	1809-1891	Prof. Intellectual and Moral Philosophy and Logic at Furman University in South Carolina (1852-91), also President there (1852-79).	LuElla Putnam	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Gabaria	Stephen John	1794-1847	Professor of Theology and Ethics (1834-1840), Professor of Moral Philosophy (1840-1847) at Georgetown College.	John Shook
Gale	George Washington	1789-1861	Prof. Moral Philosophy and Belles-lettres at Knox College in Illinois (1843-57).	Kevin Tanner	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Garrison	William Lloyd	1805-1879	Editor and abolitionist in Boston (1820s-1865).	John Hillje	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Gaskell	John	1804-1856	Wrote "Sense and sound, as they reciprocally form any sign of mind" (1854) and "New Elements From Old Subjects: Presented as the Basis for a Science of Mind" (1874).	Steven Takacs	Allibone's Critical Dictionary of English Literature: A Supplement
Gay	Ebenezer	1696-1787	Congregational Minister and theologian in Massachusetts.	Stephen Wilson	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
George	James	1800-1870	Prof. Mental and Moral Philosophy at Queen's College in Canada (1853-62).	David Puller	Dict Canad Bio
Gerhart	Emanuel Vogel	1817-1904	President and Prof. Theology at Heidelberg College and Theological Seminary in Ohio (1851-54), President of Franklin and Marshall College in Pennsylvania (1854-66), President and Prof. Theology at Theological Seminary in Mercersburg (1868-1904).	Tadd Ruetenik	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Germain	Joseph-Louis	1633-1722	Catholic Priest, Prof. Theology and Philosophy at the Collège des Jésuites in Quebec (1687-1710).	David Puller	Dict Canad Bio
Gibbons	William	1781-1845	Physician in Philadelphia.	Eli A. Braun	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Gibbs	Josiah Willard	1790-1861	Prof. Sacred Literature at Yale Divinity School (1826-61).	Andy Black	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Goddard	William Giles	1794-1846	Prof. Moral Philosophy and Metaphysics at Brown (1825-34), Prof. Rhetoric, Evidences of Christianity, and Constitutional Law at Brown (1834-42).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio
Goodwin	Daniel Raynes	1811-1890	Prof. Moral and Intellectual Philosophy at Trinity College in Connecticut (1850s).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Graham	William	1745-1799	President and Professor of Moral Philosophy at Liberty Hall Academy (1779-1796)	John Shook
Graham	Christopher Columbus	1784-1885	Physician, scientist, and writer in Kentucky.	Cornelis de Waal	A Dictionary of North American Authors Deceased before 1950
Greeley	Horace	1811-1872	Abolitionist and editor in New York City.	Nataly Chesky	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Green	Beriah	1795-1874	Congregational Minister and abolitionist in New York.	Alexandra Perry	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Green	Ashbel	1762-1848	President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Princeton (1812-1822).	John Shook
Greene	William Batchelder	1819-1878	Unitarian Minister, banking reformer, individualist anarchist	Michael Ziser	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio
Greenwood	Isaac	1702-1745	Prof. Mathematics and Experimental Philosophy at Harvard (1728-38).	Tim Lyons	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Grimes	James Stanley	1807-1903	Lawyer and physician in Boston, New York, and Illinois.	Eric v.d. Luft and Owen Anderson	Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Grimké	Sarah Moore	1792-1873	Abolitionist; feminist; one of the first women to give public lectures in Boston.	Dorothy Rogers	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Gros	John Daniel	1737-1812	Prof. Moral Philosophy at Columbia (1789-95).	Russ Pryba	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Haddock	Charles Brickett	1796-1861	Prof. Rhetoric and Oratory at Dartmouth (1819-38), Prof. Intellectual Philosophy and Political Economy at Dartmouth (1838-50).	Sean Corbin	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, Smith, WWWHV
Hale	Sarah Josepha Buell	1788-1879	Editor of the first and most successful woman's magazine in the 19th century, Godey's Lady's Book. Hale was a counter-feminist who supported women’s education and employment, but opposed suffrage.	Dorothy Rogers	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Hamilton	Alexander	1757-1804	Revolutionary and federalist political theorist.	Rick Kennedy	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Hammon	Jupiter	1711-1800?	African American poet, theologian, and abolitionist in New York and Connecticut.	Maurice Hamington	Amer Nat Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, WWWHV
Harper	Frances Ellen Watkins	1825-1911	Poet, novelist, and lecturer in Pennsylvania.	Chielozona Eze	Amer Nat Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio
Haven	Joseph	1816-1874	Prof. Philosophy at Amherst College (1850-58), Prof. Systematic Theology at Chicago Theological Seminary (1858-70).	Alfred Fuchs	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, Smith, WWWHV
Haynes	Lemuel	1753-1833	African American Congregational Minister and theologian in Vermont.	Jacob Goodson	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio
Hazard	Rowland Gibson	1801-1888	Industrialist and politician in Rhode Island until 1866, thereafter independent author, Trustee of Brown (1869-77).	Dereck Coatney	Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Hecker	Isaac Thomas	1819-1888	Catholic Priest and leader of the Paulists in New York City.	Robert Wilson-Black	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Hedge	Levi	1766-1844	Prof. Philosophy at Harvard (1810-32).	Cornelis de Waal	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Hedge	Frederic Henry	1805-1890	Minister in New England, Prof. German at Harvard (1872-1884).	James Good	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Henry	Caleb Sprague	1804-1884	Minister (1829-37), Prof. History, Belles-lettres, and Philosophy at University of the City of New York (1838-52).	James Good	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, Smith, WWWHV
Henry	Robert	1792-1856	Prof. Logic and Moral Philosophy at South Carolina College (now Univ. S.C.) (1818-35), Prof. Metaphysics, Logic, and Belles-lettres at South Carolina College (1839-45), also President there (1842-45).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Balz, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Hickok	Laurens Perseus	1798-1888	Prof. Theology at Western Reserve College in Ohio (1836-44), Auburn Theological Seminary in New York (1844-52), Prof. Mental and Moral Philosophy at Union College (1852-68).	Alfred Fuchs	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, Smith, WWWHV
Hicks	Elias	1748-1830	Quaker Minister, theologian, and abolitionist.	Ann Duncan	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Hildreth	Ezekiel	1784-1856	Teacher in Ohio, Tennessee, Kentucky, and Virginia.	Michael West	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio
Hildreth	Richard	1807-1865	Lawyer and editor in Boston and New York.	Jon Rogers	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Hitchcock	Ethan Allen	1798-1870	General in US Army.	David Agler	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Hodge	Charles	1797-1878	Prof. Theology at Princeton Theological Seminary (1822-77).	C. George Fry	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Hodge	Hugh Lenox	1796-1873	Prof. Obstetrics at University of Pennsylvania (1835-63).	Eric v.d. Luft	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Hoge	Moses	1752-1820	President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia (1807-20).	John Shook	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Holley	Horace	1781-1827	President and Prof. Mental and Moral Philosophy at Transylvania University in Kentucky (1818-27).	Amanda Lusky	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Holmes	Oliver Wendell	1809-1894	Prof. Anatomy and Physiology at Harvard Medical School (1847-82).	John Shook	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Holmes	George Frederick	1820-1897	President and Prof. Philosophy at Univ. Mississippi (1848-49), Prof. History, Literature, Political Economy at Univ. Virginia (1857-97).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Holmes	John	1799-1852	Prof. Philosophy at Séminaire de Nicolet in Quebec (1819-20, 1821-23), Petit Séminaire de Québec (1827-30).		Dict Canad Bio
Holyoke	Edward	1689-1769	President of Harvard (1737-69).	John Shook
Hooker	Thomas	1586-1647	Puritan minister, theologian, and political theorist.	Stephen Wilson	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Hopkins	Mark	1802-1887	Prof. Rhetoric and Philosophy at Williams College (1830-36). President and Prof. Philosophy of Williams College (1836-72).	Edward O'Brien	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Hopkins	Samuel	1721-1803	Congregational Minister and theologian in Rhode Island (1770-1803).	Todd Brenneman	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Horton	George Moses	1797?-1883	African American abolitionist in North Carolina.	Maurice Hamington	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio
Hosack	David	1769-1835	Prof. Botany and Material Medical at Columbia College in NYC (1795-1811), Prof. Theory and Practice of Physic at College of Physicians and Surgeons in NYC (1811-26).	Eric v.d. Luft	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Houdet	Antoine-Jacques	1763-1826	Catholic Priest, Prof. Philosophy, Science, Mathematics and other subjects at Collège Saint-Raphael (later Collège de Montréal) in Quebec.	David Puller	Dict Canad Bio
Hughes	Henry	1829-1861	Lawyer and politician in Mississippi, pro-slavery advocate. With G. Fitzhugh, first to publish book having "Sociology" in the title.	Brian Butler	Lives of Mississippi Authors, 1817-1967
Hughes	John Joseph	1797-1864	Bishop of New York. Prominent Catholic theologian.	John Shook
Humphrey	Heman	1779-1861	President of Amherst College in Massachusetts (1823-45).	John Shook
Jackson	Samuel	1787-1872	Prof. Medicine at University of Pennsylvania (1835-63).	Abel Rubén Hernández-Ulloa	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Jackson	Abner	1811-1874	Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy at Trinity College in Connecticut (1840-58), President of Hobart College (1858-67), President of Trinity College (1868-74).	John Shook
James	Henry, Sr.	1811-1882	Religious author in Boston.	James Moseley	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Jay	John	1745-1829	Revolutionary, Justice of US Supreme Court, Governor of New York.	Brian Butler	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Jefferson	Thomas	1743-1826	3rd President of U.S.	Adrian Oldfield	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Johns	John	1796-1876	Episcopal Minister, later bishop; President and Prof. Moral and Intellectual Philosophy at College of William and Mary (1849-54).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Johnson	Alexander Bryan	1786-1867	Banker in upstate New York, independent writer.	Ahti Pietarinen	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Johnson	Samuel	1696-1772	President of King's College in New York (now Columbia) (1754-63).	Stephen Wilson	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Jones	Joseph Huntington	1797-1868	Presbyterian Minister in Philadelphia.	Bonnie Meyer	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio
Jones	Hiram Kinnaird	1818-1903	Professor of Philosophy (1866-1898) at Illinois College.	David Pfeifer
Junkin	George	1790-1868	President of Lafayette College (1832-41, 1844-48), President of Miami University in Ohio (1841-43), President and Professor of Moral Philosophy at Washington College in Virginia (1848-1861)	John Shook
Kaufmann	Peter	1800-1869	Christian perfectionist, socialist, and Hegelian in Ohio.	Joseph Palencik	Amer Nat Bio
Kenrick	Francis Patrick	1797-1863	Bishop of Philadelphia and then Baltimore. Prominent Catholic theologian.	John Shook
Kent	James	1763-1847	Prof. Law at Columbia (1793-98, 1823-26), Chief Justice of NY Supreme Court (1804-14).	Brian Butler	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Kinmont	Alexander	1799-1838	Scotch scholar and thinker, who came to Cincinnati in 1827 and operated an academy.	Joseph Palencik	Ohio Authors and Their Books. Biography included with his 1839 book.
Kneeland	Abner	1774-1844	Unitarian minister turned materialist and atheist in Massachusetts.	John Shook
Knowlton	Charles	1800-1850	Physician in Massachusetts, first American advocate of contraception and early materialist.	Francine Netter Roberson	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Kohlmann	Anthony	1771-1836	Professor and Rector at Georgetown College. Prominent Catholic theologian.	John Shook
La Borde	Maximillian	1804-1873	Prof. Logic and Belles-lettres at South Carolina College (now Univ. South Carolina) (1842-45), Prof. Metaphysics at South Carolina (1845-65).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Balz, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
La Brosse	Jean Baptiste de	1724-1782	Professor at Collège des Jésuites in Quebec (1756-58), missionary.	John Shook
Labaree	Benjamin	1801-1883	President of Middlebury College in Vermont (1840-1866)	John Shook
Ladd	William	1778-1841	Pacifist, founded American Peace Society in 1828.	Michael Ziser	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Lathrop	John Hiram	1799-1866	Prof. Law, Civil Polity and Political Economy at Hamilton College in upstate New York (1835-41), President of Univ. Missouri (1841-49, 1865-66), Prof. Mental, Moral, and Political Philosophy at Missouri (1863-65).	Kevin Tanner	Smith, WWWHV.
Law	Thomas	1756-1834	Independent writer in Washington, D.C.	Cornelis de Waal	Dictionary of National Biography: The Concise Dictionary
Leach	William Turnbull	1805-1886	Prof. Literature (1846-83) and Philosophy (1853-72) at McGill University in Montreal.	John Shook	Dict Canad Bio
Lesieur-Désaulniers	Isaac-Stanislas	1811-1868	Prof. Philosophy at Séminaire de Saint-Hyacinthe in Quebec (1831-33, 1837-49, 1860-68).	Blake Ellis	Dict Canad Bio
Leverett	John	1662-1724	Fellow and Tutor at Harvard (1685-1700), President of Harvard (1707-24).	Michael Dopffel	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Lieber	Francis	1798-1872	Prof. History and Political Economy at South Carolina College (1835-56), Prof. History and Political Science at Columbia (1857-72).	John Catalano	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Lincoln	Abraham	1809-1865	16th President of U.S.	William Elkins	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Long	Clement	1806-1861	Professor of Philosophy in Western Reserve College in Ohio (1834-44), Prof. Theology there (1844-52). Professor of Philosophy at Dartmouth College (1851-52, 1854-61).	John Shook
Longstreet	Augustus Baldwin	1790-1870	President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Emory College (1839-48), President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Univ. Mississippi (1849-56), President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at South Carolina College (1856-61).		Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, Smith, WWWHV
Lord	Nathan	1792-1870	President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Dartmouth (1828-63).	John Shook	Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Ludlow	John	1793-1857	Provost (1834-1852) and Prof. Moral Philosophy (1834-54) at Univ. Pennsylvania.	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio
Lyall	William	1811-1890	Prof. Philosophy at Free Church College in Nova Scotia (1850-60), Dalhousie University in Nova Scotia (1863-90).	Elizabeth Trott	Dict Canad Bio
Mackall	Louis	1801-1876	Physician, author of several works on psychological and scientific topics.	Eric v.d. Luft	Dictionary of American Medical Biography
Madison	James	1749-1812	Episcopal Minister, later 1st bishop in Virginia, President of College of William and Mary (1777-1812), also Prof. Moral Philosophy there.		Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Madison	James	1751-1836	4th President of U.S.	Shane Ralston	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Mahan	Asa	1799-1889	President and Prof. of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy at Oberlin College in Ohio (1835-50), Cleveland University (1850-55), Adrian College in Michigan (1860-71).	Philip Harrold	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, Smith, WWWHV
Manly	Basil	1798-1868	President and Prof. Moral and Mental Philosophy at Univ. Alabama (1837-55).	Deacon Newhouse	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, Smith, WWWHV
Mann	Horace	1796-1859	Lawyer, politician, educator in Massachusetts.	Blanche Henderson Brick	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Manning	James	1738-1791	President of College of Rhode Island (Brown) (1765-1791).	John Shook
Marsh	James	1794-1842	President of Univ. Vermont (1826-33), Prof. Philosophy at Vermont (1833-42).	Ethan Schrum	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Marsh	George Perkins	1801-1882	Lawyer and naturalist in Vermont and later US Minister to Italy (1861-82)	Sean Brown	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Mather	Increase	1639-1723	Congregational Minister and theologian in Boston, President of Harvard (1686-1701).	Jan Stievermann	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Mather	Cotton	1663-1728	Congregational Minister and theologian in Boston.	Robert Brown	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Maxcy	Jonathan	1768-1820	President of Rhode Island College (now Brown) (1792-1802), President of Union College in upstate New York (1802-1804), President of South Carolina College (1805-20).	Jacob Goodson	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Mayhew	Jonathan	1720-1766	Congregational Minister and theologian in Boston.	John Mullins	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
McGuffey	William Holmes	1800-1873	Prof. Moral Philosophy at Univ. Virginia (1845-73).	Caleb Puckett	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
McIlvaine	Charles Pettit	1799-1873	Prof. Evidences of Revealed Religion at University of the City of New York (now New York University) (1831-1832), President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Kenyon College in Ohio (1832-40).	John Shook	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
McKeen	Joseph	1757-1807	President at Bowdoin College in Maine (1802-1807).	John Shook
McKnight	John	1754-1823	Prof. Moral Philosophy and Logic at Columbia (1795-1799). Professor of moral philosophy and logic (1795-1799)	Russ Pryba
McVickar	John	1787-1868	Prof. Moral Philosophy at Columbia (1817-57), Prof. Evidences of Natural and Revealed Religion at Columbia (1857-64).	Robin Vandome	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, Smith, WWWHV
Meigs	Charles Delucena	1792-1869	Prof. Obstetrics and Diseases of Women at the Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia (1841-61).	Eric v.d. Luft	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Meigs	Josiah	1757-1822	President and Prof. Philosophy at Univ. Georgia (1800-10), President of Columbian College (now George Washington Univ.) (1819-22).	John Shook	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Mercer	Margaret	1791-1846	Operated a womens academy in Virginia, authored textbooks.	Dorothy Rogers
Messer	Asa	1769-1836	President of Brown (1802-26), also taught philosophy during presidency.	John Shook	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Miles	James Warley	1818-1875	Prof. History of Intellectual Philosophy and Greek Literature at College of Charleston, S.C. (1850-54, 1866-71).	Michael Royster	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio
Milledoler	Philip	1775-1852	President at Rutgers (1825-1840). Teaches moral philosophy.	John Shook
Miller	Samuel	1769-1850	Presbyterian Minister, Prof. Ecclesiastical History and Church Government at Princeton (1813-49).		Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio
Minto	Walter	1753-1796	Prof. Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Princeton (1787-96).	Irving Anellis	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Moore	Zepheniah Swift	1773-1823	President of Williams College (1815-1821), President of Amherst College (1821-23).	John Shook
Moore	Benjamin	1748-1816	Episcopal Bishop; Prof. Rhetoric and Logic at Columbia (1784-86), President of Columbia (1801-11).	Russ Pryba	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Moore	James	1764-1814	Prof. Logic, Metaphysics, Moral Philosophy, and Belles-lettres at Transylvania University in Kentucky (1799-1804).	Amanda Lusky	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Morgan	Lewis Henry	1818-1881	Known as "Father of American Anthropology"	Cornelis de Waal	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Morton	Charles	1627?-1698	Lecturer on experimental science and psychology at Harvard (1687-1698).	Mark Burden	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Mott	Lucretia Coffin	1793-1880	Reformer for suffrage, temperance, abolition.	Alexandra Perry	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Munsell	Oliver	1825-1905	President of Illinois Wesleyan (1857-1875).	John Shook
Murray	Judith Sargeant Stevens	1751-1820	Poet and essayist, feminist and social reformer in Massachusetts.	Therese Dykeman	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, WWWHV
Nairne	Charles Murray	1808-1882	Prof. Moral and Intellectual Philosophy and Literature at Columbia (1857-81), Prof. Ethics of Jurisprudence (1860-68), Prof. History and Political Economy (1865-1876).	Russ Pryba	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio
Nevin	John Williamson	1803-1886	Prof. Theology at Western Theological Seminary in Pennsylvania (1830-40), Mercersburg Seminary (1840-53), Prof. History and Aesthetics at Franklin and Marshall College in Pennsylvania (1861-66), President of Franklin and Marshall (1866-76).	Jonathan Sands Wise	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Newman	Samuel Phillips	1797-1842	Prof. Civil Polity and Political Economy at Bowdoin College in Maine (1824-39).	Deacon Newhouse	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Nisbet	Charles	1736-1804	President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Dickinson College in Pennsylvania (1785-1804).	Rusty Roberson	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Norton	Andrews	1786-1853	Professor of Sacred Literature at Harvard Divinity School (1819-29).	Michael Lee	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Nott	Eliphalet	1773-1866	President of Union College in New York (1804-1866), also taught Moral Philosophy.	Robert Main	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Noyes	John Humphrey	1811-1886	Established Oneida (New York) Community in 1848.	Rhonda Ragsdale	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Odelin	Jacques	1789-1841	Catholic Priest and theologian in Quebec.	Seth Batiste	Dict Canad Bio
Offen	Benjamin	1772-1848	Freethinker in New York City	Russ Pryba
Ogilvie	James	1760-1820	Prof. Rhetoric at South Carolina College (now Univ. South Carolina) (1817?-20)	John Shook
Olin	Stephen	1797-1851	Prof. Ethics and Belles-lettres at Univ. Georgia (1826-33), President and Prof. Mental/Moral Science, Belles-lettres, Political Philosophy at Randolph-Macon College in Virginia (1834-37), President of Wesleyan Univ. in Connecticut (1842-51).	Tadd Ruetenik	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Oliver	Daniel	1787-1842	Professor of Medicine at Dartmouth (1820-1837), also Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy (1825-1828), Professor of Intellectual Philosophy (1828-1837).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio
Owen	Robert Dale	1801-1877	Social reformer and freethinker.	Alexandra Perry	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Paine	Robert	1799-1882	President of Lagrange College, Alabama (1830-46)	John Shook
Paine	Martyn	1794-1877	Prof. Medicine at University of the City of New York (later New York University) (1841-77).	Francine Netter Roberson	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Paine	Thomas	1737-1809	Revolutionary and rationalist.	Tim Binga	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Palmer	Elihu	1764-1806	Deist in Philadelphia and New York City.	Kyle Potter	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, WWWHV
Park	Calvin	1774-1847	Prof. Moral Philosophy and Metaphysics at Brown (1811-25).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio
Park	Edwards Amasa	1808-1900	Prof. Theology at Andover Seminary in Massachusetts (1836-81).	John Shook	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio
Park	Roswell	1807-1869	Prof. Chemistry and Natural Philosophy at Univ. Pennsylvania (1836-42), President of Racine College in Wisconsin (1852-59).	Cornelis de Waal	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Parker	Theodore	1810-1860	Transcendentalist in Boston.	David Davis	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Parrish	Joseph	1779-1840	Physician in Philadelphia.	Eric v.d. Luft	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Payne	Daniel Alexander	1811-1893	African Methodist Episcopal Minister and President of Wilberforce College in Ohio (1863-76).	Anthony B. Pinn	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Peabody	Elizabeth Palmer	1804-1894	Independent philosopher and educator in Massachusetts.	Monika Elbert	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Pearl	Cyril	1805-1865	Congregational Minister and teacher in Maine. Wrote "Youth's book on the mind: embracing the outlines of the intellect, the sensibilities, and the will" (1842).	Cornelis de Waal	A Dictionary of North American Authors Deceased before 1950
Peirce	Benjamin	1809-1880	Prof. Mathematics, Natural Philosophy, and Astronomy at Harvard (1883-80).	Albert Lewis and Nathan Houser	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Penn	William	1644-1718	Founder and Governor of Pennsylvania (1682-1718).	Andrew Murphy	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Perkins	John	1698-1781	Physician in Massachusetts, political theorist. Wrote "Theory of Agency; or, an Essay on the Nature, Source and Extent of Moral Freedom" (1771).	Harry Whitaker and Robin Mackie
Phelps	Almira Hart Lincoln	1793-1884	Science educator, feminist in New England. 2nd woman elected to American Association for the Advancement of Science (1859).	Marta Pires	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Phillips	Wendell	1811-1884	Abolitionist and social philosopher in Boston.	John Shook	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Pond	Enoch	1791-1882	Prof. Theology at Bangor Theological Seminary in Maine (1856-82).	Kyle Potter	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Porter	Noah	1811-1892	Prof. Philosophy at Yale (1847-92), President of Yale (1871-86).	Edward O'Brien	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Potter	Alonzo	1800-1865	Prof. Moral and Intellectual Philosophy and Political Economy at Union College in upstate New York (1831-38), Vice President of Union College (1838-45).		Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Priestley	Joseph	1733-1804	Scientist, Unitarian in Pennsylvania.	John Stephens	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Purcell	John Baptist	1800-1883	Professor of Moral Philosophy at Mount St. Mary’s College, then Bishop of Cincinnati. Prominent Catholic theologian.	John Shook
Quimby	Phineas Parkhurst	1802-1866	A founder of the New Thought movement.	David Schmidt	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Rauch	Frederick Augustus	1806-1841	Philosopher and theologian in Pennsylvania.	James Good	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Raue	Charles Gottlieb (Godlove)	1820-1896	Physician and psychologist in Philadelphia	Mary Hitchcock	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Rawle	Francis	1662-1726	Judge and politician in Pennsylvania.	Karen Hoffman	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Ray	Isaac	1807-1881	Psychiatrist in Maine.	Eric v.d. Luft	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Raymond	Joseph-Sabin	1810-1887	Catholic Priest, Prof. Philosophy (1832-36) and Theology (1852-62) at Séminaire de Saint-Hyacinthe in Quebec, also Superior there (1847–53, 1859–83).	Autumn Woods	Dict Canad Bio
Raymond	Daniel	1786-1849	Lawyer in Baltimore (1814-40).	Marc-William Palen	Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Reed	Sampson	1800-1880	Businessman and editor in Boston.	Steven Takacs	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, WWWHV
Reese	Thomas	1742-1796	Presbyterian Minister in South Carolina, wrote “An Essay on the Influence of Religion in Civil Society” (1788).	Andy Black	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio
Reeve	Tapping	1744-1823	Lawyer, political and legal theorist in Connecticut, Head of his Litchfield Law School (1784-98), Judge of Connecticut Superior Court (1798-1814).	Brian Butler	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Remond	Sarah Parker	1826-1894	African American abolitionist and feminist in Boston, New York, and England.	Katrina Anderson	Amer Nat Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio
Rey	Anthony	1807-1847	Prof. Philosophy at Georgetown (1840-45).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Ricord	Elizabeth Stryker	1788-1865	Principal of the Geneva Female Seminary in Geneva, New York (1829-40). Wrote "Elements of the Philosophy of Mind, Applied to the Developement of Thought and Feeling" (1840).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio
Ripley	George	1802-1880	Unitarian Minister in Boston, Editor in New York City.	Blake Ellis	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Rivers	Richard Henderson	1814-1894	Methodist Minister, President of several small colleges in Alabama and Louisiana (1843-69).	John Shook	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Robinson	Ezekiel Gilman	1815-1894	President of Brown University (1872-89).	John Shook
Rose	Ernestine	1810-1892	Feminist, freethinker, and political theorist.	Paula Doress-Worters and Kristin Waters	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Ross	James	1811-1886	Prof. Philosophy at Presbyterian theological seminary at West River in Nova Scotia (1848-58), President of Dalhousie College in Nova Scotia (1863-85).	David Puller	Dict Canad Bio
Ruffner	Henry	1790-1861	President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Washington College in Virginia (1836-48).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Balz, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, Smith, WWWHV
Rush	Benjamin	1746-1813	Revolutionary, Physician, Prof. Chemistry at College of Philadelphia (1769-91), Professor of Medical Theory and Clinical Practice at Univ. Pennsylvania (1791-1813)	Dan O’Brien and Lucy Russell	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Rush	James	1786-1869	Physician, psychologist in Philadelphia.	Mary M. Manning	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Ryder	James	1800-1860	Professor of Philosophy and Theology (1829-1840), President (1840-1845, 1848-1851) at Georgetown College. Prominent Catholic theologian.
Ryerson	Egerton	1803-1882	Prominent educator and administrator in Ontario, Canada	Charlie Hobbs	Dict Canad Bio
Sanders	Daniel Clarke	1768-1850	President of University of Vermont (1800-14)	John Shook
Sawyer	Leicester Ambrose	1807-1898	Congregational Minister in Connecticut (1832-43), President of Central College in Ohio (1843-54).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Smith, WWWHV
Schaff	Philip	1819-1893	Prof. Theology at German Reformed Seminary in Pennsylvania (1844-63), Prof. Theology at Union Theological Seminary (1870-93).	Dana Noelle	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Schmucker	Samuel Simon	1799-1873	Prof. Theology at Lutheran Theological Seminary (1826-64).	John Shook
Sears	Barnas	1802-1880	President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Brown (1855-67).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Sedgwick	Catherine Maria	1789-1867	Novelist, counter-feminist and domestic sphere proponent in Massachusetts.	Lucinda L. Damon-Bach	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Shedd	William Greenough Thayer	1820-1894	Prof. English Literature at Univ. Vermont (1845-52), Prof. Church History at Auburn Presbyterian Seminary in New York (1854-62), Prof. Theology at Union Theological Seminary (1863-93).	Jeff Wilcox	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Shurtleff	Roswell	1773-1861	Professor of Divinity at Dartmouth (1804-1827), Professor of Moral Philosophy and Political Economy (1827-1838)	John Shook
Sigourney	Lydia Howard Huntley	1791-1865	Author and lecturer, social reformer, counter-feminist and domestic sphere proponent; sympathized w/South during Civil War.	Marta Pires	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Small	William	1734-1775	Prof. Natural Philosophy at College of William and Mary (1758-64)	John Shook
Smith	Elizabeth Oakes Prince	1806-1893	Essayist, feminist, abolitionist, and social reformer in New York.	Dorothy Rogers	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Smith	John Blair	1756-1799	Professor at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia (1775-1779), President of Hampden-Sydney (1779-89), President of Union College in NY (1795-99)	John Shook
Smith	Henry Boynton	1815-1877	Prof. Philosophy at Amherst College in Massachusetts (1847-50), Prof. Theology at Union Theological Seminary (1850-74).	Walter Conser	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Smith	Samuel Stanhope	1751-1819	Prof. Moral Philosophy at Princeton (1779-95), President of Princeton (1795-1812).	Jacob Goodson	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Smith	John Augustine	1782-1865	President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at College of William and Mary (1814-25), Prof. Anatomy, Surgery, and Physiology at College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York (1825-31), President of College of Physicians and Surgeons (1831-43).	Eric v.d. Luft	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Smith	William	1727-1803	Provost (1754-79, 1789-91) and Prof. Ethics (1754-91) at College of Philadelphia.		Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Smith	William Andrew	1802-1870	President and Prof. Moral and Intellectual Philosophy at Randolph-Macon College in Virginia (1846-66).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Smith, WWWHV
Smith	Henry	1805-1879	Prof. Greek and Latin at Marietta College in Ohio (1835-46), President and Prof. Moral and Intellectual Philosophy at Marietta (1846-55).	John Shook
Sparks	Jared	1789-1866	Prof. History at Harvard (1839-49), President of Harvard (1849-53).	Shannon Duffy	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Spooner	Lysander	1808-1887	Abotionist, political philosopher in Massachusetts and Ohio	Raymond Krohn
Squier	Miles Powell	1792-1866	Prof. Intellectual and Moral Philosophy at Beloit College in Wisconsin (1849-63).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Stanton	Elizabeth Cady	1815-1902	Feminist and suffrage leader in New York State.	Jean Van Delinder	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Staughton	William	1770-1829	President and Prof. Philosophy at Columbian College (now George Washington University) (1822-29)	John Shook	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Stearns	John	1770-1848	Physician in New York.	Mary M. Manning	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio
Stephens	Alexander Hamilton	1812-1883	Politician and constitutional scholar in Georgia, Vice President of Confederacy (1861-65).	Brian Butler	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Stewart	Maria Miller	1803-1879	African American abolitionist and feminist in Boston and Washington, DC.	Katrina Anderson	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Lit Bio
Stiles	Ezra	1727-1795	President of Yale (1778-1795), taught most subjects.	Roger Ward	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Stockton	Annis Boudinet	1736-1801	Political and philosophical poet in New Jersey; hosted a woman's salon there; friend and correspondent of Rev War-era leaders	Dorothy Rogers and Alexandra Perry	Amer Nat Bio
Stone	Lucy	1818-1893	Feminist and abolitionist writer in Massachusetts and New Jersey.	Susanna Jones	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Storer	David Humphreys	1804-1891	Prof. Obstetrics and Medical Jurisprudence (1854-68) and Dean (1855-64) of Harvard Medical School.	Eric v.d. Luft	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Story	Joseph	1779-1845	Justice of US Supreme Court (1812-45), Prof. Law at Harvard (1829-45).	Brian Butler	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Stuart	Moses	1780-1852	Prof. Theology at Andover Theological Seminary (1810-48).	Jeff Wilcox	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Sumner	Charles	1811-1874	US Senator, political theorist, abolitionist in Massachusetts.	Alexandra Perry	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Sunderland	LeRoy	1802-1885	Independent theologian and philosopher, prominent atheist.	David Schmidt	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Swain	David Lowry	1801-1868	President and Prof. Moral Philosophy, Metaphysics, Political Economy, and Law at Univ. North Carolina (1835-68).	Brian Butler	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, Smith, WWWHV
Sweetser	William	1797-1875	Prof. Medicine at University of Vermont (1825-32), Bowdoin College (1845-61).	Eric v.d. Luft	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio
Tappan	Henry Philip	1805-1881	Prof. Intellectual and Moral Philosophy and Belles-lettres at University of the City of New York (later New York University) (1832-38), President and Prof. Philosophy at Univ. Michigan (1852-63).	Benjamin Park	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Taschereau	Elzear-Alexandre	1820-1898	Prof. Theology at Petit Séminaire in Quebec (1837-42), Prof. Theology and Philosophy at Grand Séminaire in Quebec (1842-54), Archbishop and Cardinal of Quebec (1871-98).	John Shook	Dict Canad Bio
Taylor	John	1753-1824	Politician, political theorist in Virginia.	Brian Butler	Amer Nat Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Taylor	Nathaniel William	1786-1858	Prof. Theology at Yale (1822-58).	Kyle Welty	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Ten Brook	Andrew	1814-1899	Prof. Moral and Intellectual Philosophy at Univ. Michigan (1844-51).	John Shook
Thoreau	Henry David	1817-1862	Writer, philosopher in Massachusetts.	David Davis	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Thornwell	James Henley	1812-1862	Prof. Metaphysics at South Carolina College (now Univ. South Carolina) (1837-40), Prof. Theology at South Carolina College (1841-51).	Elmer Duncan	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Balz, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Ticknor	Caleb	1805-1840	Physician in New York.	Eric v.d. Luft	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio
Torrey	Joseph	1797-1867	Prof. Greek and Latin at Vermont (1827-42), Prof. Philosophy at Vermont (1842-67), President of Vermont (1862-67).	Charles Anthony Earls	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
True	Charles Kittridge	1809-1878	Prof. Moral and Intellectual Philosophy at Wesleyan University in Connecticut (1849-60).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio
Truth	Sojourner	1797?-1883	Abolitionist and feminist.	Nancy Schluter	Amer Nat Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio
Tucker	George	1775-1861	Prof. Moral Philosophy at Univ. Virginia (1825-45).	John Shook	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Tucker	St. George	1752-1827	Prof. Law at College of William and Mary in Virginia (1790-1803).	Brian Butler	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Turner	Jonathan Baldwin	1805-1899	Prof. Rhetoric and Belles-lettres at Illinois College (1834-47).	David Pfeifer	Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Tuthill	Louisa Caroline Huggins	1799-1879	Author on women’s education and architecture, editor of Ruskin’s writings in Connecticut.	Sabrina Misir-Hirilall	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio
Tyler	Samuel	1809-1877	Lawyer and philosopher in Maryland	John Shook
Upham	Thomas Cogswell	1799-1872	Prof. Philosophy at Bowdoin College in Maine (1824-68).	Alfred Fuchs	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Vanderburgh	Federal	1788-1868	Physician in Connecticut, a founder of homeopathy.	Judith A. Wiener
Vethake	Henry	1792-1866	Provost and Professor of Intellectual and Moral Philosophy Univ. Pennsylvania (1853-59).	Sean Corbin	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Waddel	Moses	1770-1840	President and Prof. Philosophy at Univ. Georgia (1819-1829).	John Shook	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Wadsworth	Benjamin	1669-1737	President of Harvard (1725-37).	John Shook
Wait	Samuel	1789-1867	President of Wake Forest College in North Carolina (1833-45)	John Shook
Walker	James	1794-1874	Prof. Natural Religion, Moral Philosophy, and Civil Polity at Harvard (1839-53), President of Harvard (1853-60).	Robin Vandome	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Walker	David	1796?-1830	African American abolitionist in Boston.	Darryl Scriven	Amer Nat Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Ware	William	1797-1852	Unitarian Minister, theologian and author in New York and Massachusetts.	Roger Ward	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Ware	Henry, Jr.	1794-1843	Prof. Pastoral Theology and Pulpit Eloquence at Harvard Divinity School (1830-1842), also taught moral philosophy (1837-42).	Andy Black	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Ware	Henry	1764-1845	Prof. Theology at Harvard (1805-45).	Jonathan Hartog	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Warren	Mercy Otis	1728-1814	Poet and historian, wrote “Observations on the New Constitution” (1788).	Therese Dykeman	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Warren	Josiah	1798-1874	Inventor, social and political philosopher, anarchist in Ohio, Illinois, and New York.	Raymond Krohn	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Wasson	David Atwood	1823-1887	Independent Minister in Massachusetts, minor transcendentalist.	Joseph Palencik	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio. See Stearns, "Sketches from Concord and Appledore"
Wayland	Francis	1796-1865	President of Brown (1827-55).	David Pfeifer	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Webster	Noah	1758-1843	Teacher, author, and lexicographer in Connecticut.	Caleb Puckett
Weiss	John	1818-1879	Unitarian Minister, abolitionist.	David Puller	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Weld	Theodore Dwight	1803-1895	Abolitionist in New York and Massachusetts.	Dorothy Rogers	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Weld	Angelina Emily Grimke	1805-1879	Abolitionist and feminist.	Dorothy Rogers	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
West	Samuel	1730-1807	Congregational Minister and theologian in Massachusetts.	Stephen Wilson	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
West	Stephen	1735?-1819	Congregational Minister, Vice President of Williams College in Massachusetts (1793-1812). Wrote "Essay on Moral Agency: Remarks on Edwards's 'Inquiry on the Freedom of the Will'" (1772).	Adam Glover	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio
Wheat	John Thomas	1801-1888	Prof. Rhetoric and Logic at Univ. North Carolina (1850-60).	Benjamin Peltz	Balz, Dictionary of North Carolina Biography
Whedon	Daniel Denison	1808-1885	Prof. Ancient Languages and Literature at Wesleyan University in Connecticut (1833-43), Prof. Logic, Rhetoric, and Philosophy of History at Michigan (1845-51), Editor of Methodist Quarterly Review in New York (1856-84).	Charles Yrigoyen, Jr.	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Wheelock	John	1754-1817	President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Dartmouth (1779-1817).	John Shook
Wheelock	Elizear	1711-1779	President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Dartmouth (1769-79).	John Shook
Whipper	William	1804-1876	African American abolitionist in Pennsylvania.	John Shook	Amer Nat Bio
White	Henry	1800-1850	Prof. Systematic Theology at Union Theological Seminary (1828-50).	Roger Ward	Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
White	Charles	1795-1861	President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Wabash College in Indiana (1841-61).	John Shook	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Smith
Whitman	Walt	1819-1892	Poet and writer in New York and New Jersey.	Edward O'Brien	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Wigglesworth	Edward	1693-1765	First Hollis Professor of Divinity at Harvard (1722-1765)	John Shook
Wight	Orlando Williams	1824-1888	Unitarian Minister and physician in New Jersey, Wisconsin, and Michigan.	Cornelis de Waal	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Willard	Samuel	1775-1859	Unitarian Minister in Massachusetts.	Kyle Potter	Amer Nat Bio, Dict Amer Bio, WWWHV
Willard	Joseph	1738-1804	President of Harvard (1781-1804)	John Shook
Willard	Samuel	1640-1707	Congregational Minister and theologian in Boston, Fellow and Vice-President of Harvard (1700-1707).	Harry Maddux	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Willard	Emma Hart	1787-1870	Feminist and educational theorist in New York.	Amrita Banerjee	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Williams	Elisha	1694-1755	Congregational Minister in Connecticut, President of Yale (1726-39).	George Levesque	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Williams	Roger	1603?-1683	Minister in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.	James Davis	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Willich	August	1810-1878	Army officer and communist leader in Germany (1831-50) and Ohio (1854-65), Independent scholar in Ohio (1865-78).	James Good	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Wilson	James	1742-1798	Revolutionary, Prof. Law at Univ. Pennsylvania (1790-98).	Brian Butler	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Winchell	Alexander	1824-1891	Prof. Geology, Zoology, and Botany at Univ. Michigan (1855-73), Prof. Geology and Paleontology at Michigan (1879-1891).	Dereck Coatney	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Wingate	Washington Manly	1828-1879	President and Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy and Rhetoric of Wake Forest College in North Carolina (1853-79).	John Shook	Encyclopedia of Southern Baptists, Dictionary of North Carolina Biography
Wingate	Washington Manly Wingate	1828-1879	President and Professor of Moral and Intellectual Philosophy and Rhetoric of Wake Forest College in North Carolina (1853-79).	John Shook
Winslow	Hubbard	1799-1864	Minister in New England.	John Tilley	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Winthrop	John	1588-1649	Governor of Massachusetts (1629-34, 1637-40, 1642-44, 1646-49).	Francis Bremer	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Wise	John	1652-1725	Puritan minister, theologian, and political theorist.	Stephen Wilson	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Wise	Isaac Mayer	1819-1900	Jewish Reformed rabbi in New York and Ohio.	Henry Bowden	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton’s Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Comp Amer Thought, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Encyc Amer Bio, Encyc Relig, Nat Cycl Amer Bio
Witherspoon	John	1723-1794	President of College of New Jersey (Princeton) (1768-94).	Stephen Wilson	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Woods	Alva	1794-1887	President of Transylvania University in Kentucky (1828-31), President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Univ. Alabama (1831-37).	Deacon Newhouse	Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Woods	Leonard	1774-1854	Prof. Theology at Andover Theological Seminary (1808-46).	Jonathan Hartog	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Woolman	John	1720-1772	Quaker leader, abolitionist in New Jersey.	Scott Heerman	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Religious Bio, Dict Lit Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Woolsey	Theodore Dwight	1801-1889	Prof. Greek at Yale (1831-46), President of Yale (1846-71).	Christopher Lucas	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Wright	Frances	1795-1852	Feminist, abolitionist, anti-religious freethinker in New York City and Tennessee.	Therese Dykeman	Amer Nat Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Dict Lit Bio, WWWHV
Wylie	Andrew	1789-1851	President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Washington College in Pennsylvania (1816-28), President and Prof. Moral Philosophy at Indiana Univ. (1828-51).	Mathew Pamental	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Wyman	Rufus	1778-1842	Physician and Superintendent of McLean Asylum at Harvard (1818-1837). Wrote "A discourse on mental philosophy as connected with mental disease, delivered before the Massachusetts Medical Society, June 2, 1830" (1830)	Jeffrey Mifflin
Wythe	George	1726?-1806	Prof. Law at College of William and Mary in Virginia (1770-90).	Joseph Palencik	Amer Nat Bio, Appleton's Cycl Amer Bio, Cambridge Dict Amer Bio, Dict Amer Bio, Nat Cycl Amer Bio, WWWHV
Young	Thomas	1731-1777	Freethinker, deist, and revolutionary in New York	John Shook